Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Professor of Parasitology, Parasitology Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center
2
Professor of Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center
3
Professor of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center
4
PhD of Entomology, Parasitology Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center
5
PhD of Parasitology Parasitology Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center
6
Animal and p[oultry Nutrition Department, Desert Reseach Center,
7
Ass. Prof. of Parasitology, Faculty of Science AlAzhar University
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed zoonotic parasite affecting both humans and animals, with significant implications for public health and livestock production. Egypt represents a critical epidemiological setting owing to its agricultural economy, widespread animal husbandry, and high human-animal interaction. This review summarizes the existing situation supported by recent literature on the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in humans, camels, sheep, goats, and cattle across various Egyptian locations. The prevalence of infection demonstrates wide variation across host species and geographic localities, with consistently higher infection rates in camels and small ruminants compared to cattle. In humans, particularly among pregnant women, infection has been frequently associated with cat exposure, undercooked meat consumption, and poor hygiene. Among animals, species susceptibility, age, sex, and environmental conditions contribute to varying infection dynamics. In the following, we will highlight the endemic nature of toxoplasmosis in Egypt and underscore the necessity for integrated public health and veterinary measures, taking the recent approaches to mitigate this serious disease into consideration.
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